Subject: [removed] Digest V01 #146
From: <[removed]@[removed]>
Date: 5/14/2001 4:47 PM
To: <[removed]@[removed];

------------------------------


                      The Old-Time Radio Digest!
                         Volume 01 : Issue 146
                   A Part of the [removed]!
                           ISSN: 1533-9289


                           Today's Topics:

 BBC; A GOLD MINE OF RADIO DRAMA/COME ["Owens Pomeroy" <opomeroy@[removed]; ]
 B&R takeoffs                         [Michael Berger <intercom1@attglobal]
 Sorry, Sorry Wrong Number's Not My F [stopwatch@[removed] (Martin & Ma]
 Remley or Elliot?                    ["Philip Railsback" <philiprailsback]
 Tom Collins                          [Conrad Binyon <conradab@[removed]]
 Thanks!                              ["jstokes" <jstokes@[removed];    ]
 OBIT: Allan Sloane, Terry Ryan       [Charlie Summers <charlie@[removed]]
 total recorder again                 [Joe Salerno <salernoj@[removed];  ]
 THANKS, ELIZABETH                    [FiremanRet@[removed]                 ]
 Re: Low Power on Shortwave           [BH <billhar@[removed];             ]
 The Big Story                        ["Ryan Osentowski" <rosentowski@neb.]
 BBC archives                         ["Phil Watson" <philwats@[removed];  ]
 Perry Como                           [William L Murtough <k2mfi@[removed];]
 RADIO CLASSICS LIVE on the Net!      [Alan Chapman <[removed]@verizon.]
 web address requested:               ["meearls" <meearls@[removed];        ]
 Old time radio & 78 netcast          ["Michael Gorman" <mikemess@pacbell.]
 Questions about Como                 ["H. K. Hinkley" <hkhinkley@[removed]]
 "Frankie Remley" and Perry Como      ["[removed] Wolfe" <rjrmemorabilia@yahoo.]
 Psarry Como on Fibber McGee and Moll ["Walden Hughes" <hughes1@[removed];]
 Bobby Benson                         [lawrence albert <albertlarry@yahoo.]
 Re: Billy Murray                     ["D. Fisher" <dfisher@[removed];    ]
 Bobby Benson                         [Jack A French <otrpiano@[removed]; ]

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 09:29:43 -0400
From: "Owens Pomeroy" <opomeroy@[removed];
To: [removed]@[removed]
Subject:  BBC; A GOLD MINE OF RADIO DRAMA/COMEDY/VARIETY

    I just got off the internet after clicking on to [removed]
and you would not believe what that network and radio 3 has to offer.  No
less than 147 Radio programs like we used to have.  Oh. what I would give
for a very nice radio receiver with a sharp, clear short-wave band to enjoy
these programs.  I do not have the facilities to hear them on computer.  But
anyone who has, please take advantage of the audio link for these
programmes.  I don't think you will be dissapointed.  I say Bravo! to the UK
and their radio format of "our style" of radio - now - long - gone!

Owens Pomeroy

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 09:29:45 -0400
From: Michael Berger <intercom1@[removed];
To: otr <[removed]@[removed];
Subject:  B&R takeoffs

Two queries yesterday reminded me of Bob and Ray takeoffs:

1.  The  Answer  Man  -  their  version:  The Question Man, whose
answers were always one question late, to wit:

Q.  How  many  telephone  poles are there between Kansas City and
Joplin, Missouri?

A.  Hank Greenberg, in 1938!

2.  Tony Marvin

Ray  did  a  marvelous  Godfrey,  while  Ray,  murmuring  in  the
background,  said  only:  "Tha's  right,  [removed]'s  right,
[removed]".

Like  most  of  the  Little  Godfreys,  Marvin  learned to agree,
always,  with  The Great Man.  That, as it turned out, was Julius
LaRosa's big problem. He set out to have a life of his own.

Michael Berger

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 09:29:47 -0400
From: stopwatch@[removed] (Martin & Margot)
To: [removed]@[removed]
Subject:  Sorry, Sorry Wrong Number's Not My Favorite

Mr. Wagner in Volume #143 questioned the basic plot device of finding
yourself hearing a phone conversation between two other people.  He also
noted that former telephone company employees have confirmed that such a
thing was not possible.

In response, I can say (hoping to be believed) that I personally had two
experiences when living in Los Angeles in the fifties when this is
precisely what DID occur.  Both times I had dialed a number.  There were a
few clicks or pops, and then instead of getting a ringing confirmation or a
busy signal, I found myself hearing two people talking, and they could not
hear me.  The voices were clear and I could understand every word.

Same thing happened at least once (and I can't truly remember and these
others might be fantasies, but maybe THREE times) during my life at Xerox
in Rochester, though I don't recall the particulars and it might have been
that I was hearing the conversation because of a problem with the internal
company system.  Again, however, the two people could not hear me.  So this
was not the same as a three-way conversation.  But one voice seemed to be
within a Xerox office, talking to a spouse, it appeared, who seemed to be
at home.

Speaking of crime and its possibly improbably circumstances altogether;
Today's New York Times front page tells of the physician in England who may
be the serial killer who gets first prize for the number of victims before
being stopped.  There are so many circumstances to this story that seem, or
so we'd usually think, fantastic, outrageous, absurd, impossible, crazy,
weird, [removed] yet, all of it seems to have worked out so that he
murdered with complete freedom for years and years.  Much as I have loved
radio, it is beaten by reality every time when it comes to the unbelievable
actually taking place.

Martin Fass

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 09:29:49 -0400
From: "Philip Railsback" <philiprailsback@[removed];
To: [removed]@[removed]
Subject:  Remley or Elliot?

I'm sure that others will answer this, but just in case.  Frankie Remley was
a real person, a guitar player in Phil Harris's band.  Oftentimes his name
was used for jokes on the show, though Remley himself never actually
appeared (at least I don't think he did).  When Phil Harris's show started,
they decided to use the Frank Remley character has his best friend.  The
real Remley even auditioned for the part but didn't get it.  So Elliot Lewis
became Frankie Remley.  After five years or so, the real Frankie Remley
decided he didn't want his name used anymore, so Elliot Lewis had to resort
to his own name.

Why he changed his mind, I don't know.  Elliot Lewis indicated in an
interview that he didn't know know himself.  Though I wouldn't be surprised
if somebody here knows.

  - Philip

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 09:29:52 -0400
From: Conrad Binyon <conradab@[removed];
To: [removed]@[removed]
Subject:  Tom Collins

[removed]@[removed] wrote a note:

>From Mike Sprague

TOM COLLINS SEARCH
The children of actor Tom Collins are trying to obtain copies
of shows on which Collins worked in radio.  They want to
surprise their mother.

I did write to Mike where in error I referred to Malcom as
Michael, sorry, Malcom.  I directed Malcom to two links I created
of encounters with Tom Collins one link shared before on the
Digest and another not.  Of course both include earlier images of
Tom Collins.

[removed]

[removed]

CAB

--
conradab@[removed] (Conrad A. Binyon)
   From the Home of the Stars who loved Ranches and Farms
     Encino, California.

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 11:27:09 -0400
From: "jstokes" <jstokes@[removed];
To: <[removed]@[removed];
Subject:  Thanks!

Thanks for the nice info on Jack Grimes.   I figured he had a life after
"Let's Pretend."

Now then to Marvin Miller.   I thought he was superb as the announcer on
"The Whistler" radio show.   He sounded so tongue-in-cheek "announcerish."
Just a bit over the top!    Reminded me of Gary Owens (who by the way is a
South Dakota boy who made the big time), who also did the comic announcer
routine, famously, on TV's "Laugh In."

Back to "The Whistler" series.   Does anyone have any details on the
production of the show?   Why the heck was Signal Oil sponsoring the
program?   I can't recall seeing any Signal Oil service stations or brand
name anywhere in SoDak, NoDak, or Minnesota.   It was obviously a west coast
based show that was broadcast nationally?   But on what network?   Where did
it originate?   Out in Los Angeles?

And while I'm at it.   One more west coast anomaly (to me, anyway).   I have
a handful of "Suspense" shows with Truman Bradley as the announcer and
sponsored by "R-O-M-A, ROMA wine, from the vineyards of southern
California."   Not only do I have the show but the local station ID at the
end, voiced by Truman Bradley.   A Santa Barbara station, I believe.   How
in the heck is this possible?!   Did CBS have a studio setup in Santa
Barbara?

Well, there are some brain teasers to me.   And I am sure that our OTR
experts can readily give the answers!

Thanks in advance!

Jim Stokes

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 11:45:09 -0400
From: Charlie Summers <charlie@[removed];
To: [removed]@[removed]
Subject:  OBIT: Allan Sloane, Terry Ryan

Folks;

   The NY Times has an obit this morning (14 May) for Allan Sloane, in which
it is noted:

   "After Army service in the United States during World War II, he started
in radio. In 1950 he wrote for the NBC radio program 'Top Secret.'"

   The obit is available at:

[removed]

   Anyone have any additional informaion on Mr. Sloane's contribution to OTR?

   Also in today's obits is one for Terry Ryan, who according to the obit,
"began his career writing for the Fred Allen radio show in the late 1940's."
Anyone (Elizabeth?) have any additional information on Mr. Ryan?

[removed]

   ...and as always, obits are usually only available for one day (although
the TImes seems to be holding them longer [removed] Ryan's is from 9 May).

   And while I'm passing on URLs for obituaries, Mr. Perry Como's obiut is
available at:

[removed]

         Charlie

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 11:45:21 -0400
From: Joe Salerno <salernoj@[removed];
To: OTR List <[removed]@[removed];
Subject:  total recorder again

2 advantages of Total Recorder over a program like Streambox VCR are:

1. it's legal

2. it has a setting for converting files and downloading at faster than real
time. I just DL'd When Radio Was from the web site this morning. The 45
minute program required maybe 20 minutes to acquire. Streambox could do the
job as well in 45 minutes. Both programs will auto join gaps made by data
interruption. As I type these words TR is converting the file to WAV at
[removed] bit and saving it in my Lone Ranger folder. After I send this post I
will open the file in Sound Forge, edit out unwanted portions, save and burn
to CD.

Joe Salerno - [removed] - joe@[removed]


[ADMINISTRIVIA: This program is Windows-only.  --cfs3]

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 11:58:33 -0400
From: FiremanRet@[removed]
To: [removed]@[removed]
Subject:  THANKS, ELIZABETH

My thanks to you, Elizabeth, for your answer to my A&A (Andy Gets Married)
question. Your expertise and kindness is very much appreciated!  Gary Shehan.

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 12:20:11 -0400
From: BH <billhar@[removed];
To: [removed]@[removed]
Subject:  Re: Low Power on Shortwave

I might also add to Jim's [removed] aren't exactly vast stretches
of unused frequencies on the shortwave bands for low power stations but
there are some. FCC Part 15 rules for low power shortwave broadcast
allow transmitting on the 22 meter band (13,553 - 13,557 kHz). One
advantage for part 15 short wave stations is there are no restrictions
on antenna length or height. The allowable output is about [removed]
milliwatts. Feeding this into 1/2 wavelength dipole antenna or a 1/4
vertical the signal should cover a neighborhood quite well and under the
right propagation conditions could be heard at great distances. There is
a mode of operation in Ham radio called QRP which stands for low power
and these "QRPers" often establish contact with other stations around
the world using only milliwatts of power.

The biggest hurdle is obtaining a transmitter that meets part 15 specs
for these frequencies. There are a number of units available for the AM
and FM bands, but I am not sure what may be available for shortwave.

There is another band below the standard AM broadcast band (160 - 190
kHz) that allows for 1 watt output with restirctions on antenna height
and length. I don't know if any of the current "world band" radios would
cover these frequencies.

Bill Harris
[removed]

"jstokes" <jstokes@[removed]; commented:

then an alternative
would be the vast stretches of unused frequencies on the shortwave band for
LOW POWER NEIGHBORHOOD RADIO STATIONS.

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 13:10:22 -0400
From: "Ryan Osentowski" <rosentowski@[removed];
To: "old time radio" <[removed]@[removed];
Subject:  The Big Story

Hi all,
Can anyone tell me more about this series?  I have never heard an episode,
but it sounds interesting.
ryanO

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 14:23:37 -0400
From: "Phil Watson" <philwats@[removed];
To: <[removed]@[removed];
Subject:  BBC archives

Further to recent posts of mine about the BBC clearing their archives, only
this morning there was a feature on BBC's breakfast TV show.

The BBC is launching a nationwide hunt to unearth lost programme gems such
as episodes of Dr. Who or Steptoe and Son which have disappeared from
television archives.

 In an interview the BBC Archive Manager, Paul Bland (phonetic) said "It was
a different culture in those days, it was thirty years ago, and people saw
pop culture and comedy in a different light to that we see today. I am told
that it wouldn't happen today. They were massive tapes they were recorded
on, there was a lot of pressure on funding for the BBC, they found it very
difficult to keep them and they didn't value them. They just re-recorded
over them. The whole ethos was that actors would come in out of the West End
(theatres), they would work during the afternoon, and we used tape in those
days just to record it then to shift it to an evening transmission, and then
next week we would record over the top again. That's why there are so many
of the Dr. Who and other series missing. I think also it was how people
valued it, and I think that's what's really changed. Hancock, and other most
wonderful stuff, they wiped. I think it is worth a lot finding them, in
terms of cultural heritage, it is worth a lot in the commercial world as
well. I think we're more motivated by trying to fill these gaps. The missing
shows could be in people's attics, and people were able to take them home,
didn't return them, people weren't chased up for them. When people have
passed on their families have come forward and said "Are these of any value"
and we found a lot of things overseas, from when the BBC sold things
overseas, Australia had a lot of Dr. Who, and the Merchant Navy had a lot of
things to show at sea" (edited from a discussion)

Of course the same applies to radio. Many acetates were in the hands of
producers, scriptwriters etc. However acetates and transcription discs were
never made in the same quantities as in America, where I understand they
were made in the hundreds. Here in the UK up to the 60s there was one
broadcaster, and when it was broadcast it may have been kept for repeat, or
it might not. I think it's tragic to think that a reel of tape was thought
too expensive to store for the future and it was more expedient to re-use
it.

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 14:23:35 -0400
From: William L Murtough <k2mfi@[removed];
To: [removed]@[removed]
Subject:  Perry Como

It was sad news to read of the death of Perry Como. I only knew him
casually many years ago. During the winter months of 1935-1936 I had two
jobs (my job running a sound system at an amusement park was seasonal).
One was lease and sevice manager for a sound system company, the other
was doing dance band remotes for a wired radio outfit in Cleveland
(Teleflash). One was "Freddy's" (Freddy Myeers) on Vincent near Ninth
Street , commonly known as Freddy's upholstered sewer as it was below
street level. The band was Freddy Carlone. The vocalists were Perry Como
and Johanna Steele (a stunning brunette of Russian descent) . I was
mainly interested in Johanna who I recall dating. Perry was very shy. My
announcer, Bill Mayer, took great delight in teasing him.

I the fall of 1936, after my amusement park job folded for the winter, I
went to New Yorrk and was hired by WHN as an engineer. Summer of 1937
came a layoff and  I returned to Ohio and my amusement park. Also I was
asked to free lance name dance band remotes from the "Great Lakes
Exposition" on Cleveland's lakefront. Billy Rose's Aqucade had known
bands such as Shep Fields, Bob Crosby, Isham Jones, and so forth.  the
Pioneer Palace had my friend, Freddy Carlone. However Perry had gone wiyh
Ted Weems, so the vocalist must have been Frankie Laine, who was his
replacement.

There were some comments about poor quality of network lines. Hardly
possible. However, the line from the [removed];T. test board to the local
station was the station's responsibility, so might not have been
equalized. Also if you were referring to recordings, many were of poor
quality. One cannot equate the quality of old time radio distributed by
telco lines to modern microwave.

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 14:24:55 -0400
From: Alan Chapman <[removed]@[removed];
To: Old-Time Radio Digest <[removed]@[removed];
Subject:  RADIO CLASSICS LIVE on the Net!

If you missed the live webcast of the 12th Annual RADIO CLASSICS LIVE
on Saturday, May 5, you can now hear the entire program on-demand all
this month with your realaudio player (streamed at [removed]) at our
website: [removed]

Recreations featuring the original [removed] GALE STORM, PEG LYNCH,
HERB ELLIS, FRED FOY, WILL HUTCHINS, ROSEMARY RICE and many others!

Enjoy!

Alan Chapman
Coproducer
alan@[removed]

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 14:55:08 -0400
From: "meearls" <meearls@[removed];
To: <[removed]@[removed];
Subject:  web address requested:

Hi!

Way in the beginning of the year, someone sent a posting to this list with a
web address where old live news broadcasts such as President Roosevelt's
Funeral, John Kennedy's assassination etc could be found.

I had some big time computer problems in March and that was one of the
casualties.

Would whomever sent the post mind to please send it again.

Thank you!
Yours very truly,


Mary Ellen Earls
Remember, today is the tomorrow you thought about yesterday.

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 14:55:06 -0400
From: "Michael Gorman" <mikemess@[removed];
To: [removed]@[removed]
Subject:  Old time radio & 78 netcast

Come one, come all
     I am the runner of Mikes Mess.  This web page has many audio
programs availible to you including old time radio and a netcast
devoted to those old 78 RPM records.
     I invite you to enjoy the music that is seldom heard anymore,
not just big bands but all kinds of music that were availible
on s.  Big bands, country, fold, and even Barbershop music.
This 78 netcast is devoted to a lost form of music that was availible
during the first 50 years of the s.
     I also have many old time radio shows on my page and like
the 78 netcast is changed quite often and has many otr shows
not heard on the net and is now avalible to you for the listening.
 This is a service I started 1 1/2 years ago and have kept going
as a labber of love and hopefully a great entertainment to you
as well.
     To listen to these netcast go to [removed].
 You can also access them through [removed] and
do a search for mikesmess.  Also every Monday from 6:00PM to
8:00Pm PDT and Fridays from 9:00PM to 11:00PM PDT I do a live
show on the 78 netcast where I play the s I have gotten and new
ones that will be added to the netcast as time goes by.  So please
check them both out and E-mail me at otrlover@[removed] or
78decades@[removed] and let me know what you think.
thanks in advance
For The Best In Old Time Radio And The Oldie Of The Day Check
Out
[removed]

Also check out the many netcast for you to enjoy at
[removed];searchdesc=mikesmess

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 15:12:13 -0400
From: "H. K. Hinkley" <hkhinkley@[removed];
To: [removed]@[removed]
Subject:  Questions about Como

 vigor16@[removed]  asked:  Due to the untimely passing of Perry Como, sad
for all of us, I
was told that he came out of Fibber McGee & Molly.  I have a lot of
FM&M shows and I don't
see him at all.  Is there a reason?  Did Mr. Como sing or do something
on the program and
from what period of the series?

Just by sheer coincidence, I was listening yesterday to the FM&M show of
8/26/35 in which the McGees win the house at 79 Wistful Vista.  During
the program, Perry Como sings with the Ted Weems Orchestra.  I haven't
heard many programs from that era, and my info at hand says Weems & Como
were on from June 1936 to January 1938.  Looks like further research is
in order.

Stay tuned,   HK

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 18:05:59 -0400
From: "[removed] Wolfe" <rjrmemorabilia@[removed];
To: [removed]@[removed]
Subject:  "Frankie Remley" and Perry Como

Rhiman Rotz almost hit the nail on the head. The real
Frankie Remley actually played himself in the Phil and
Alice's 1st broadcast for "Fitch Shampoo." (This show
does not exist unless someone knows something that I
don't.) But he wasn't a very good actor so he was
replaced by Elliot Lewis and reimbursed for the use of
his name. Whenever Phil and Alice switched sponorship
to "[removed]" the real "Frankie Remley" wanted more
money for the use of his name but they refused to pay
it. They solved the "Frankie Remley" problem by simply
changing his name to Elliott Lewis.

                       Someone also asked about Perry
Como whenever he was on "Fibber McGee And Molly." It
was in 1935-1936 and the show eminated from Chicago
and Ted Weems was the orchestra leader for the program
and his featured singer was Mr. Perry Como. Had the
show eminated from Hollywood, chances  are more of the
disks would've been preserved because very few shows
from Chicago radio seem to be in general circulation.
However, 3 Fibber McGee And Molly's from this time
period do exist? How do I know? Because I have them
and they're in pretty good sound too.

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 18:06:02 -0400
From: "Walden Hughes" <hughes1@[removed];
To: <[removed]@[removed];
Subject:  Psarry Como on Fibber McGee and Molly

Parry Como appeared on Fibber McGee and Molly as just a singer in 1937 while
the show was in Chicago, Walden.

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 18:08:17 -0400
From: lawrence albert <albertlarry@[removed];
To: [removed]@[removed]
Subject:  Bobby Benson

Billy Halop of "The Dead End Kids" fame played Bobby
for a while. He was also either one of the "East Side
Kids" or "Little Tough Guys." As far as I know he was
never one of the "Bowery Boys."

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 18:08:13 -0400
From: "D. Fisher" <dfisher@[removed];
To: <[removed]@[removed];
Subject:  Re: Billy Murray

There's been some discussion lately about Billy Murry & recordings of his.
If you download shows from any of the OTR newsgroups try this site & you'll
find Billy Murray recordings showing up quite a bit:

[removed]

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 18:46:36 -0400
From: Jack A French <otrpiano@[removed];
To: [removed]@[removed]
Subject:  Bobby Benson

Jim Stokes posted a variation of this inquiry on Lou Genco's OTR bulletin
board last week. I answered it in detail. Apparently, Jim did not see my
response and so he posted this request here:

 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Anyone have extensive information the otr show "Bobby Benson & the B Bar B
Riders?"   One of the Bowery Boys movie stars was allegedly Bobby Benson.
Can't recall which one.   And who played the faithful Indian, Harka, on the
B Bar B radio show?   Years ago I had a studio shot of the cast and the
announcer.   I seem to recall that Jackson Beck was the announcer.   But I
also recall a "Cactus Roy Rowan" as the announcer.   Does anyone have any
details on this radio show?"
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Since the above contains so much confusion, I will set forth the details of
this juvenile adventure series. There were two "Bobby Benson" radio
programs. The first, under the title of "Bobby Benson and the H-Bar-O
Rangers", began on CBS in the fall of 1932 with Richard Wanamaker in the
title lead. In the fall of '33, Billy Halop took over the role. He would
later go on to movie fame as one of "Dead End Kids", but had little to do
with the later "Bowery Boys." The radio series was sponsored by the cereals
("Force", "H-O Oats") of Hecker's Company and ended in 1936. A third actor
had the role in 1936, but I haven't yet identified him.

In 1949 Mutual was looking for a summer substitute for "Straight Arrow" and
the creator of the original BB series, Herbert Rice, resurrected The Cowboy
Kid on that network. The new title was "Bobby Benson and the B-Bar-Riders"
with Ivan Cury in the lead and a very young Don Knotts as "Windy Wales."
Cury left the show in 1950 and was briefly replaced by Bobby McKnight. When
his voice changed, Clive Rice (a nephew of Herbert Rice) was hired, under
the name "Clyde Campbell". He kept the role until it went off the air in
1955. It was sponsored for only one season by Kraft Candy and the rest of
the time was sustaining.

Jackson Beck was never on either version of "Bobby Benson", "Cactus" Carl
Warren (not Rowan) was one of three announcers on the Mutual version.
"Harka" was played by Craig McDonnell, who also was the voice of "Irish".
There were also two TV shows, aired only locally in Manhattan; the first
with Cury and the second with Campbell. Both ran about one year or so. No
audio copies have been found from the CBS radio version, but 16 episodes
exist of the Mutual one. Of course, there are none of the TV shows.

Jack French
Editor:  RADIO RECALL

--------------------------------
End of [removed] Digest V01 Issue #146
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